|
|
| Ligne 3 : |
Ligne 3 : |
|
| |
|
| | | |
| | | cf : [http://apprendre-python.com/page-tkinter-interface-graphique-python-tutoriel http://apprendre-python.com/page-tkinter-interface-graphique-python-tutoriel] |
| Ce qui va suivre est entièrement issu de [http://apprendre-python.com/page-tkinter-interface-graphique-python-tutoriel http://apprendre-python.com/page-tkinter-interface-graphique-python-tutoriel]
| |
| | |
| Je ne l'ai mis ici que pour référence rapide
| |
| | |
|
| |
| | |
| == Python 2, python 3 ==
| |
| | |
| Les modules ne sont pas les mêmes suivant votre version de python. Si le message suivant apparaît lors de l'exécution de votre script:
| |
| <pre>ImportError: No module named 'Tkinter'
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| C'est que le module appelé n'est pas le bon par rapport à votre version python.
| |
| <pre>'''Python 2''' '''Python 3'''
| |
| Tkinter → tkinter
| |
| Tix → tkinter.tix
| |
| ttk → tkinter.ttk
| |
| tkMessageBox → tkinter.messagebox
| |
| tkColorChooser → tkinter.colorchooser
| |
| tkFileDialog → tkinter.filedialog
| |
| tkCommonDialog → tkinter.commondialog
| |
| tkSimpleDialog → tkinter.simpledialog
| |
| tkFont → tkinter.font
| |
| Tkdnd → tkinter.dnd
| |
| ScrolledText → tkinter.scrolledtext
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Hello world ==
| |
| | |
| Voici le code de votre premier '''hello world'''
| |
| <pre><span class="c1"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkinter</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">fenetre</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Tk</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Hello World"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">mainloop</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| Une fenêtre comme celle-ci devrait apparaître:
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/hello-world.png
| |
| | |
| == Les widget Tkinter ==
| |
| | |
| Pour créer un logiciel graphique vous devez ajouter dans une fenêtre des éléments graphiques que l'on nomme widget. Ce widget peut être tout aussi bien une liste déroulante que du texte.
| |
| | |
| == Les boutons ==
| |
| | |
| Les boutons permettent de proposer une action à l'utilisateur. Dans l'exemple ci-dessous, on lui propose de fermer la fenêtre.
| |
| <pre><span class="c1"># bouton de sortie</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Fermer"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-button.png
| |
| | |
| == Les labels ==
| |
| | |
| Les labels sont des espaces prévus pour écrire du texte. Les labels servent souvent à décrire un widget comme un input
| |
| <pre><span class="c1"># label</span>
| |
| <span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Texte par défaut"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"yellow"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-label.png
| |
| | |
| == Entrée / input ==
| |
| <pre><span class="c1"># entrée</span>
| |
| <span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"texte par défaut"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">entree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">entree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-input.png
| |
| | |
| == Case à cocher ==
| |
| | |
| Les checkbox proposent à l'utilisateur de cocher une option.
| |
| <pre><span class="c1"># checkbutton</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Checkbutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Nouveau?"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-checkbox.png
| |
| | |
| == Boutons radio ==
| |
| | |
| Les boutons radio sont des cases à cocher qui sont dans un groupe et dans ce groupe seul un élément peut être sélectionné.
| |
| <pre><span class="c1"># radiobutton</span>
| |
| <span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Oui"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Non"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Radiobutton</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Peu être"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Les listes ==
| |
| | |
| Les listes permettent de récupérer une valeur sélectionnée par l'utilisateur.
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-list.png
| |
| <pre><span class="c1"># liste</span>
| |
| <span class="n">liste</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Listbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">liste</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Python"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">liste</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"PHP"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">liste</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"jQuery"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">liste</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"CSS"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">liste</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">insert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Javascript"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">liste</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Canvas ==
| |
| | |
| Un canvas (toile, tableau en français) est un espace dans lequel vous pouvez dessiner ou écrire ce que vous voulez:
| |
| <pre><span class="c1"># canvas</span>
| |
| <span class="n">canvas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Canvas</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">150</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">background</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'yellow'</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">ligne1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">120</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">ligne2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_line</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">150</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">txt</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">75</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">60</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Cible"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">font</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Arial 16 italic"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fill</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"blue"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-canvas.png
| |
| | |
| Vous pouvez créer d'autres éléments:
| |
| <pre><span class="n">create_arc</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">arc</span> <span class="n">de</span> <span class="n">cercle</span>
| |
| <span class="n">create_bitmap</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">bitmap</span>
| |
| <span class="n">create_image</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">image</span>
| |
| <span class="n">create_line</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ligne</span>
| |
| <span class="n">create_oval</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">ovale</span>
| |
| <span class="n">create_polygon</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">polygone</span>
| |
| <span class="n">create_rectangle</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">rectangle</span>
| |
| <span class="n">create_text</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">texte</span>
| |
| <span class="n">create_window</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">fenetre</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| Si vous voulez changer les coordonnées d'un élement crée dans le canevas, vous pouvez utiliser la méthode '''coords ''' .
| |
| <pre>canvas.coords(élément, x0, y0, x1, y1)
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| Pour supprimer un élément vous pouvez utiliser la méthode '''delete'''
| |
| <pre>canvas.delete(élément)
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| Vous pouvez trouver d'autres méthodes utiles en exécutant l'instruction suivante:
| |
| <pre><span class="k">print</span> <span class="nb">dir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Canvas</span><span class="p">())</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| ou visitez la page suivante [http://infohost.nmt.edu/tcc/help/pubs/tkinter/web/canvas-methods.html infohost]
| |
| | |
| == Scale ==
| |
| | |
| Le widget scale permet de récupérer une valeur numérique via un scroll
| |
| <pre><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DoubleVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Scale</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">variable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">scale</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-scale.png
| |
| | |
| == Frames ==
| |
| | |
| Les frames (cadres) sont des conteneurs qui permettent de séparer des éléments.
| |
| <pre><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'bg'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'white'</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="c1"># frame 1</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Frame1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">GROOVE</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Frame1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="c1"># frame 2</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Frame2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">GROOVE</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Frame2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="c1"># frame 3 dans frame 2</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Frame3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Frame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Frame2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"white"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">GROOVE</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Frame3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RIGHT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="c1"># Ajout de labels</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Frame1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Frame 1"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Frame2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Frame 2"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Frame3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Frame 3"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">bg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"white"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-frame.png
| |
| | |
| == PanedWindow ==
| |
| | |
| Le '''panedwindow ''' est un conteneur qui peut contenir autant de panneaux que nécessaire disposé horizontalement ou verticalement.
| |
| <pre><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PanedWindow</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">orient</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">HORIZONTAL</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TOP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">expand</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Y</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">fill</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">BOTH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Volet 1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">background</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'blue'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CENTER</span><span class="p">))</span>
| |
| <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Volet 2'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">background</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'white'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CENTER</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Volet 3'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">background</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'red'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">CENTER</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">p</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-paned-window.pnghttp://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-paned-window2.png
| |
| | |
| == Spinbox ==
| |
| | |
| La '''spinbox ''' propose à l'utilisateur de choisir un nombre
| |
| <pre><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Spinbox</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">from_</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">to</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">s</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-spinbox.png
| |
| | |
| == LabelFrame ==
| |
| | |
| Le labelframe est un cadre avec un label.
| |
| <pre><span class="n">l</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">LabelFrame</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Titre de la frame"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">l</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"both"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">expand</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"yes"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
|
| |
| <span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">l</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"A l'intérieure de la frame"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-labelframe.png
| |
| | |
| == Les alertes ==
| |
| | |
| Pour pouvoir utiliser les alertes de votre os, vous pouvez importer le module '''tkMessageBox ''' (Python 2).
| |
| <pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkMessageBox</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| Pour python 3:
| |
| <pre>from tkinter.messagebox import *
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| Exemple d'utilisation:
| |
| <pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">callback</span><span class="p">():</span>
| |
| <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">askyesno</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Titre 1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Êtes-vous sûr de vouloir faire ça?'</span><span class="p">):</span>
| |
| <span class="n">showwarning</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Titre 2'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Tant pis...'</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
| |
| <span class="n">showinfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Titre 3'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'Vous avez peur!'</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">showerror</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Titre 4"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Aha"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Action'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-dialog.png
| |
| | |
| Voici les alertes possibles:
| |
| <pre>showinfo()
| |
| showwarning()
| |
| showerror()
| |
| askquestion()
| |
| askokcancel()
| |
| askyesno()
| |
| askretrycancel()
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Barre de menu ==
| |
| | |
| Il est possible de créer une barre de menu comme-ceci:
| |
| <pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">alert</span><span class="p">():</span>
| |
| <span class="n">showinfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"alerte"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Bravo!"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">menubar</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Menu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">menu1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Menu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">menubar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tearoff</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menu1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Créer"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">alert</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menu1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Editer"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">alert</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menu1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_separator</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menu1</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Quitter"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">quit</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menubar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_cascade</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Fichier"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">menu</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">menu1</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">menu2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Menu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">menubar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tearoff</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menu2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Couper"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">alert</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menu2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Copier"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">alert</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menu2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Coller"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">alert</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menubar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_cascade</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Editer"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">menu</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">menu2</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">menu3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Menu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">menubar</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">tearoff</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menu3</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_command</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"A propos"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">alert</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">menubar</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">add_cascade</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Aide"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">menu</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">menu3</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">menu</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">menubar</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-menu.png
| |
| | |
| ----
| |
| | |
| == Connaitre toutes les méthodes / options d'un widget ==
| |
| | |
| Pour cela il vous suffit d'exécuter la ligne suivante:
| |
| <pre class="cdoe">print dir(Button())
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Les attributs standards ==
| |
| | |
| Il est possible de changer la valeur d'attributs présents sur les widgets
| |
| | |
| == Placer des widgets ==
| |
| | |
| Il est possible de placer les widgets à l'aide du paramètre '''side ''' :
| |
| <pre><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TOP</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">haut</span>
| |
| <span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">LEFT</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">gauche</span>
| |
| <span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">BOTTOM</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">bas</span>
| |
| <span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RIGHT</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">droite</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| Exemple:
| |
| <pre><span class="n">Canvas</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ivory'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TOP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Bouton 1'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Bouton 2'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RIGHT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-side.png
| |
| | |
| Autre exemple:
| |
| <pre><span class="n">Canvas</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">50</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'ivory'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">LEFT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Bouton 1'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">TOP</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'Bouton 2'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">side</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">BOTTOM</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-side-bottom.png
| |
| | |
| == Les unités de dimensions ==
| |
| | |
| Si vous indiquez une dimension à travers un integer, l'unité utilisée sera les "pixels". Il est cependant possible de changer l'unité:
| |
| <pre>i : pouces
| |
| m : millimètre
| |
| c : centimètre
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Les options de dimensions ==
| |
| <pre>'''height''' : Hauteur du widget.
| |
| '''width''' : Largeur du widget.
| |
| '''padx, pady''' : Espace supplémentaire autour du widget. X pour horizontal et V pour vertical.
| |
| '''borderwidth''' : Taille de la bordure.
| |
| '''highlightthickness''' : Largeur du rectangle lorsque le widget a le focus.
| |
| '''selectborderwidth''' : Largeur de la bordure tridimensionnel autour du widget sélectionné.
| |
| '''wraplength''' : Nombre de ligne maximum pour les widget en mode "word wrapping".
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Les options de couleurs ==
| |
| | |
| Il est possible d'indiquer une valeur de couleur par son nom en anglais: "white", "black", "red", "yellow", etc. ou par son code hexadécimale: #000000, #00FFFF, etc.
| |
| <pre>'''background (ou bg)''' : couleur de fond du widget.
| |
| '''foreground (ou fg)''' : couleur de premier plan du widget.
| |
| '''activebackground''' : couleur de fond du widget lorsque celui-ci est actif.
| |
| '''activeForeground''' : couleur de premier plan du widget lorsque le widget est actif.
| |
| '''disabledForeground''' : couleur de premier plan du widget lorsque le widget est désactivé.
| |
| '''highlightbackground''' : Couleur de fond de la région de surbrillance lorsque le widget a le focus.
| |
| '''highlightcolor''' : couleur de premier plan de la région en surbrillance lorsque le widget a le focus.
| |
| '''selectbackground''' : Couleur de fond pour les éléments sélectionnés.
| |
| '''selectforeground''' : couleur de premier plan pour les éléments sélectionnés.
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Le curseur ==
| |
| | |
| Vous pouvez changer l'apparance de votre curseur:
| |
| <pre><span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"arrow"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"arrow"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"circle"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"circle"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"clock"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"clock"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"cross"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"cross"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"dotbox"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"dotbox"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"exchange"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"exchange"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"fleur"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"fleur"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"heart"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"heart"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"man"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"man"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mouse"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"mouse"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"pirate"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"pirate"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"plus"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"plus"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"shuttle"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"shuttle"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"sizing"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"sizing"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"spider"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"spider"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"spraycan"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"spraycan"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"star"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"star"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"target"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"target"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"tcross"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"tcross"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"trek"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"trek"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">cursor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"watch"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Le relief ==
| |
| | |
| Vous pouvez changer le relief sur vos éléments:
| |
| <pre><span class="n">FLAT</span>
| |
| <span class="n">RAISED</span>
| |
| <span class="n">SUNKEN</span>
| |
| <span class="n">GROOVE</span>
| |
| <span class="n">RIDGE</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| <pre><span class="n">b1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"FLAT"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">FLAT</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">b2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"RAISED"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RAISED</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">b3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"SUNKEN"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">SUNKEN</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">b4</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"GROOVE"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">GROOVE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">b5</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span> <span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"RIDGE"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">relief</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">RIDGE</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-relief.png
| |
| | |
| == La grille ==
| |
| | |
| Il est possible de placer les éléments en raisonnant en grille:
| |
| <pre><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">ligne</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">):</span>
| |
| <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">colonne</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">):</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'L</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">-C</span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ligne</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">colonne</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ligne</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">colonne</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-grid.png
| |
| <pre><span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'L1-C1'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'L1-C2'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'L2-C3'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'L2-C4'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'L3-C3'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">borderwidth</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">column</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-grid-2.png
| |
| | |
| == Intégrer une image ==
| |
| | |
| Pour intégrer une image vous pouvez créer un canevas et l'ajouter à l'intérieur comme ceci:
| |
| <pre><span class="n">photo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PhotoImage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"ma_photo.png"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">canvas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Canvas</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">350</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">200</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_image</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">NW</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">photo</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-image.png
| |
| | |
| == Récupérer la valeur d'un input ==
| |
| | |
| Pour récupérer la valeur d'un input il vous faudra utiliser la méthode '''get() ''' :
| |
| <pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">recupere</span><span class="p">():</span>
| |
| <span class="n">showinfo</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Alerte"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">entree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">())</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">StringVar</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| <span class="n">value</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Valeur"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">entree</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Entry</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textvariable</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">entree</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| | |
| <span class="n">bouton</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Button</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Valider"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">recupere</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">bouton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| == Récupérer une image et l'afficher ==
| |
| | |
| Pour cela, vous devez importer le module suivant:
| |
| <pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">tkinter.filedialog</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| <pre><span class="n">filepath</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">askopenfilename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Ouvrir une image"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">filetypes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s1">'png files'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'.png'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="s1">'all files'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'.*'</span><span class="p">)])</span>
| |
| <span class="n">photo</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">PhotoImage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">file</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">filepath</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">canvas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Canvas</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">photo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">photo</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">height</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="n">bg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"yellow"</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_image</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">anchor</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">NW</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">image</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">photo</span><span class="p">)</span>
| |
| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
| |
| </pre>
| |
| | |
| http://apprendre-python.com/images/tkinter-open-file.png
| |
| | |
| La fonction '''askopenfilename ''' retourne le chemin du fichier que vous avez choisi avec le nom de celui-ci.
| |
| | |
| Exemple: '''/home/olivier/ma_photo.png'''
| |
| | |
| == Récupérer un fichier texte et l'afficher ==
| |
| <pre><span class="n">filename</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">askopenfilename</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Ouvrir votre document"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">filetypes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s1">'txt files'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'.txt'</span><span class="p">),(</span><span class="s1">'all files'</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s1">'.*'</span><span class="p">)])</span>
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| <span class="n">fichier</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">open</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">filename</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"r"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="n">content</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fichier</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">()</span>
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| <span class="n">fichier</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">close</span><span class="p">()</span>
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| <span class="n">Label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">content</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">padx</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">pady</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| </pre>
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| == Les évènements ==
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| | |
| Vous pouvez récupérer les actions utilisateurs à travers les '''events ''' (évènement en français).
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| Pour chaque widget, vous pouvez ''binder '' (lier en français) un évènement, par exemple dire lorsque l'utilisateur appuie sur telle touche, faire cela.
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| Voici un exemple qui récupère les touches appuyées par l'utilisateur:
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| <pre><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">clavier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="p">):</span>
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| <span class="n">touche</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keysym</span>
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| <span class="k">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">touche</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| | |
| <span class="n">canvas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Canvas</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">500</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">focus_set</span><span class="p">()</span>
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| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<Key>"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clavier</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
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| </pre>
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| On remarque que l' <u>évènement est encadré par des chevrons </u> .
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| D'autres évènements existent:
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| <pre><Button-1> : Click gauche
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| <Button-2> : Click milieu
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| <Button-3> : Click droit
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| <Double-Button-1> : Double click droit
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| <Double-Button-2> : Double click gauche
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| <KeyPress> : Pression sur une touche
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| <KeyPress-a> : Pression sur la touche '''A''' (minuscule)
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| <KeyPress-A> : Pression sur la touche '''A''' (majuscule)
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| <Return> : Pression sur la touche entrée
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| <Escape> : Touche Echap
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| <Up> : Pression sur la flèche directionnelle haut
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| <Down> : Pression sur la flèche directionnelle bas
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| <ButtonRelease> : Lorsque qu'on relache le click
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| <Motion> : Mouvement de la souris
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| <B1-Motion> : Mouvement de la souris avec click gauche
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| <Enter> : Entrée du curseur dans un widget
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| <Leave> : Sortie du curseur dans un widget
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| <Configure> : Redimensionnement de la fenêtre
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| <Map> <Unmap> : Ouverture et iconification de la fenêtre
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| <MouseWheel> : Utilisation de la roulette
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| </pre>
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| Pour supprimer la liasion de l'évènement vous pouvez utiliser les méthodes '''unbind ''' ou '''unbind_all ''' .
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| | |
| Voici un exemple où l'on peut bouger un carré avec les touches directionnelles:
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| <pre><span class="c1"># fonction appellée lorsque l'utilisateur presse une touche</span>
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| <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">clavier</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">event</span><span class="p">):</span>
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| <span class="k">global</span> <span class="n">coords</span>
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| | |
| <span class="n">touche</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">event</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">keysym</span>
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| <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">touche</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"Up"</span><span class="p">:</span>
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| <span class="n">coords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">touche</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"Down"</span><span class="p">:</span>
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| <span class="n">coords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">touche</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"Right"</span><span class="p">:</span>
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| <span class="n">coords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
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| <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">touche</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">"Left"</span><span class="p">:</span>
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| <span class="n">coords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">])</span>
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| <span class="c1"># changement de coordonnées pour le rectangle</span>
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| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rectangle</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">coords</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="c1"># création du canvas</span>
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| <span class="n">canvas</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Canvas</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">fenetre</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">250</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"ivory"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="c1"># coordonnées initiales</span>
| |
| <span class="n">coords</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="c1"># création du rectangle</span>
| |
| <span class="n">rectangle</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">create_rectangle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">25</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">fill</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"violet"</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="c1"># ajout du bond sur les touches du clavier</span>
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| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">focus_set</span><span class="p">()</span>
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| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">bind</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"<Key>"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">clavier</span><span class="p">)</span>
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| <span class="c1"># création du canvas</span>
| |
| <span class="n">canvas</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">pack</span><span class="p">()</span>
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| </pre>
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